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Vacuolar proteins in development of yeast colonies
Trubitsyna, Yana ; Palková, Zdena (advisor) ; Heidingsfeld, Olga (referee)
The laboratory strains of yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae form colonies which can differentiate into two main cell subpopulations. U and L cells demonstrate different morphology, metabolism and stress-resistance. It was also proved that some of metabolic pathways in U cells are a similar to ones in tumor cells. The unique metabolism is activated in U cells; the TORC1 is active in these cells together with autophagy and glycogen accumulation, which are characteristic for cells with inactivated TORC1. CORVET and HOPS complexes together with vacuolar ATPase are involved in processes related to vacuolar fusion and trafficking. Also, these complexes contribute to the regulation of TORC1 activity. Vam6p is a subunit of HOPS complex and it is also involved in regulation of TORC1 acting as GEF for Gtr1p GTPase, which activates TORC1. The aim of this study was to outline whether selected subunits of mentioned complexes affect TORC1 activity in U cells. Further aim was to confirm the effect of Vam6p on selected proteins production. These proteins were chosen based on results of proteomic analysis performed in our laboratory. In order to investigate possible effects of proteins of interest absence on colonies' morphology, strains deleted in selected genes were prepared (VPS3, VPS8, VPS33, VPS41, VPH2, VAC7 a...
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TOR signalling in yeast
Šimek, Jan ; Palková, Zdena (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
TOR ("Target of rapamycin") protein, a highly conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase, is a central component of signalling network that controls cell growth in diverse eukaryotic organism, ranging from yeast to man. TOR proteins were first identified in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 1991 as the targets of the antifungal and immunosupressive agent rapamycine. In contrast to most eukaryotes, yeast contains two TOR homologues , Tor1p and Tor2p. These proteins are components of multiprotein complexes TORC1 and TORC2. TORC1 is specifically inhibited by rapamycine and controls cell growth in response to quality of the available nutrients. TORC2, which is insensite to rapamycine, regulates actin polymerization, sphingolipid biosynthesis and endocytosis. This work is focused on description of both TOR complexes, especially on downstream and upstream regulation of TORC1. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Vacuolar proteins in development of yeast colonies
Trubitsyna, Yana ; Palková, Zdena (advisor) ; Heidingsfeld, Olga (referee)
The laboratory strains of yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae form colonies which can differentiate into two main cell subpopulations. U and L cells demonstrate different morphology, metabolism and stress-resistance. It was also proved that some of metabolic pathways in U cells are a similar to ones in tumor cells. The unique metabolism is activated in U cells; the TORC1 is active in these cells together with autophagy and glycogen accumulation, which are characteristic for cells with inactivated TORC1. CORVET and HOPS complexes together with vacuolar ATPase are involved in processes related to vacuolar fusion and trafficking. Also, these complexes contribute to the regulation of TORC1 activity. Vam6p is a subunit of HOPS complex and it is also involved in regulation of TORC1 acting as GEF for Gtr1p GTPase, which activates TORC1. The aim of this study was to outline whether selected subunits of mentioned complexes affect TORC1 activity in U cells. Further aim was to confirm the effect of Vam6p on selected proteins production. These proteins were chosen based on results of proteomic analysis performed in our laboratory. In order to investigate possible effects of proteins of interest absence on colonies' morphology, strains deleted in selected genes were prepared (VPS3, VPS8, VPS33, VPS41, VPH2, VAC7 a...
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Role of autophagy in yeast cell adaptation
Brádlerová, Michaela ; Kuthan, Martin (advisor) ; Zikánová, Blanka (referee)
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradative pathway. Autophagy occurs constitutively at a basal level and it is involved in the recycling and turnover of damaged or superfluous organelles and proteins. It has a critical role in cellular homeostasis. Autophagy can be induced in response to starvation or other types of stress. Induction of autophagy during these conditions has a major role in protection and adaptation of the cell. Autophagy needs to be properly regulated. A wide range of diseases is associated with dysregulation of autophagy. Better understanding of autophagy mechanisms can help to develop strategies designed to modulate autophagic responses occuring in a number of diseases. This work is focused on current knowledge of main types of autophagy and how autophagy helps yeast cells to adapt. Key words: autophagy, yeast, degradative pathway, adaptation, TORC1
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TORC1 pathway regulators in yeast cells
Trubitsyna, Yana ; Palková, Zdena (advisor) ; Mašek, Tomáš (referee)
TORC1 ("Target Of Rapamycin") is highly conserved serine-threonine kinase that regulates cell growth, metabolism, proliferation and apoptosis. Some of the regulators and mechanisms of regulation of TORC1 activity are conserved in different eukaryotic organisms. In mammalian cells mTORC1 ("mammalian Target Of Rapamycin") is present that is homologous to yeast TORC1. The correct regulation of TORC1 activity is required for vitality of organisms and thus TORC1 and its regulations are investigated by many researches. A mutation in a single protein that is a part of TORC1 regulating complexes may result in a serious damage to the cell and to the organism. This thesis aims to describe the known TORC1 regulators in yeast and, in some cases, to compare TORC1 and mTORC1 regulations. Information on mTORC1 regulations that have not yet been identified in budding yeasts is also included. Keywords - TORC1, mTORC1, regulation, activity, yeast
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TOR signalling in yeast
Šimek, Jan ; Palková, Zdena (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
TOR ("Target of rapamycin") protein, a highly conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase, is a central component of signalling network that controls cell growth in diverse eukaryotic organism, ranging from yeast to man. TOR proteins were first identified in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 1991 as the targets of the antifungal and immunosupressive agent rapamycine. In contrast to most eukaryotes, yeast contains two TOR homologues , Tor1p and Tor2p. These proteins are components of multiprotein complexes TORC1 and TORC2. TORC1 is specifically inhibited by rapamycine and controls cell growth in response to quality of the available nutrients. TORC2, which is insensite to rapamycine, regulates actin polymerization, sphingolipid biosynthesis and endocytosis. This work is focused on description of both TOR complexes, especially on downstream and upstream regulation of TORC1. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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